Singapore's resident Income Tax runs across 13 bands, from 0% on the first S$20,000 of chargeable income up to 24% on anything above S$1,000,000. Like any progressive system, only the slice of income sitting inside each band gets taxed at that band's rate, so your effective rate always lands below your top marginal rate, and it's a genuinely gentle system by international standards even at the top.
CPF is where Singapore diverges sharply from most countries: it's not a universal payroll tax, it's a citizen/PR-only retirement and healthcare savings scheme. If you're a Citizen or PR aged 55 or below, 20% of your Ordinary Wages up to the S$8,000 monthly ceiling comes straight out of your pay, matched by a separate employer contribution that doesn't touch your take-home. If you're on an Employment Pass, S Pass, or any other foreign work pass, none of that applies to you at all: your only statutory deduction is Income Tax.
That CPF gap is the single biggest reason two people earning the same headline salary in Singapore can see meaningfully different take-home figures. It's also why comparing a Singapore offer to a UK, Australian, or Hong Kong offer purely on gross salary misses a real structural difference in what actually lands in your account each month.