What is Furusato Nozei, in plain terms?
It's a Japanese tax program that lets you 'donate' to a municipality of your choice, receive a thank-you gift (返礼品) worth up to roughly 30% of the donation, such as local food, crafts, or vouchers, and get almost the entire donation back as a deduction against your national income tax and next year's resident tax. Donate within your personal cap and your real out-of-pocket cost stays a flat ¥2,000 (self-burden), no matter how much you donate up to that limit, while you keep the gift. It's effectively a way to redirect a slice of tax you'd pay anyway toward a municipality you choose, in exchange for a small gift and a ¥2,000 fee.