A raise doesn't get taxed in isolation, it gets taxed as the top slice of your total income, at whatever marginal rate that slice falls into. This calculator computes your net pay before and after the raise, under both regimes, and the difference between those two net figures is exactly what the raise is worth to you after tax, not the gross percentage your offer letter quotes.
The New Regime and Old Regime tax that top slice differently. New Regime has wider slabs and a bigger Section 87A rebate cutoff (Rs 12 lakh taxable income), but doesn't allow Chapter VI-A deductions at all. Old Regime has narrower slabs and a lower rebate cutoff (Rs 5 lakh), but lets you reduce taxable income first via Section 80C, 80D, HRA exemption, and others, before any slab rate applies. Whichever regime keeps more of your raise depends on where your income sits and how large those deductions genuinely are.
Near the Rs 12 lakh and Rs 5 lakh rebate thresholds specifically, Section 87A's marginal relief prevents a raise from ever costing you money overall, even though it's a common fear. The relief smooths the tax owed on income just above the threshold so it never exceeds the amount by which you've crossed it, this calculator's engine applies that automatically for both regimes.