Your HECS/HELP repayment isn't a flat percentage of your whole salary. Below $69,528of repayment income you owe nothing at all. Above that, you only repay a rate on the slice sitting in each band, the same marginal logic income tax uses, so crossing a threshold by a single dollar never triggers a sudden jump in what you owe. That's a genuinely different system from the one in place before 1 July 2025, when a flat percentage of your entire repayment income applied the moment you crossed a threshold.
Your employer withholds this repayment through PAYG alongside income tax and the Medicare Levy, based on the "repayment income" figure they estimate from your pay, and it gets reconciled against your actual repayment income once you lodge your tax return. Repayment income is a slightly broader number than gross salary, it adds back things like reportable fringe benefits and salary-sacrificed super above the compulsory Super Guarantee, so most standard PAYG employees see repayment income line up closely with gross salary.
The years-to-clear estimate above matters because your debt doesn't sit still while you repay it. Every 1 June, the outstanding balance is indexed by whichever is lower, CPI or the Wage Price Index, and that indexation gets added before that year's compulsory repayment is subtracted. At a low salary, indexation can genuinely outpace your compulsory repayment for a stretch, which is why the calculator flags when a balance isn't projected to clear within 60 years rather than showing a misleadingly precise number.