Three of the Philippines' employer contributions look similar on the surface, all percentage-based, all with employee-side equivalents, but they behave quite differently in practice. SSS is deliberately unequal, the employer pays double the employee's rate. PhilHealth is a genuine 1:1 match. Pag-IBIG is also rate-matched, but its ceiling is so low relative to typical tech salaries that it effectively becomes a flat ₱200/month for almost everyone, a cap that dominates the calculation far more than the 2% rate itself.
EC is the one line with zero employee involvement at all, small in absolute terms, but structurally different from the other three, a genuine employer-only cost like AU's workers' comp or Japan's rousai hoken, just far cheaper.
13th month pay is the biggest single line item after the statutory contributions, a full extra month's basic salary, mandatory for every rank-and-file employee under Philippine law, not something an employer can opt out of the way a discretionary bonus can be skipped.