The 13º salário isn't a bonus at the employer's discretion, it's a mandatory year-end payment equal to one month's salary, split into two installments for cash-flow reasons. The 1st installment, roughly half the full 13º, must go out by 30 November with zero withholding: no INSS, no IRRF.
The 2nd installment arrives by 20 December, and that's where the tax hits, but not on the 2nd installment amount alone. INSS and IRRF are calculated on the FULL 13º salário, as if it were paid in one lump sum, and only then is that combined withholding deducted from the 2nd installment. This calculator reuses the exact same progressive INSS bands (7.5% to 14%, capped at the 2026 teto) and the exact same IRRF tabela progressiva mensal that power the flagship Brazil Salary Calculator, applied once to the full 13º amount.
New for 2026: Lei 15.270/2025's redutor, which zeroes IRRF entirely up to R$5,000 of monthly income and phases out gradually through R$7,350, also applies to the 13º salário. Receita Federal's own published guidance on the law confirms this explicitly, treating the full 13º amount as the relevant monthly figure for the redutor's thresholds, the same mechanic as ordinary salary, not a separate formula for the bonus.
If you didn't work the full calendar year, the whole calculation scales down proportionally: months worked ÷ 12 × monthly salary sets the full 13º base, and INSS/IRRF/redutor are then calculated on that smaller amount, not on a full month's salary.